Where inflation accelerated in October – and where it eased

The jump last month in the overall rate of inflation to 2.3% was driven by changes in the cost of household energy, air travel and food favourites such as pizza and crisps – though some everyday items saw a fall in prices, including petrol and cleaning equipment.

The biggest movement was in the cost of energy supplies.

While the average price of gas fell in the year to October by 7.3%, this was a much smaller drop than the fall of 22.8% in the year to September, according to figures published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Similarly, the price of electricity was down year-on-year by 6.3% in October, following a much bigger fall of 19.5% in September.

This shrinking of the year-on-year change in energy prices reflects the recent increase in household energy bills.

Another big factor in the overall rise in inflation last month was the cost of air travel, which swung from a drop of 5.0% in the 12 months to September to a sharp rise of 6.6% in the year to October.

A handful of food staples have also swung from negative to positive annual inflation: pizza and quiches, which saw average prices down 3.3% in the year to September then up 4.1% in October; butter (down 0.2% in September, up 5.4% in October); and crisps (down 2.2% in September, up 2.5% in October).

Additionally, there were a number of examples of inflation accelerating last month, including the average cost of hotels and other accommodation (up 2.2% in the year to September, up 5.3% in October); passenger train travel (up 3.1% in September, up 4.7% in October); women’s clothes (up 2.4% in September, up 3.2% in October); and fruit and vegetable juices (up 4.4% in September, up 7.0% in October).

Prices are not rising across the board, however.

Some items swung from positive to negative annual inflation last month, such as margarine and other vegetable fats, where the average price fell year-on-year by 6.0% after jumping 1.7% in September; cleaning equipment (up 4.3% in September, down 4.0% in October); breakfast cereals (up 2.8% in September, down 1.1% in October); and pasta and couscous (up 0.9% in September, down 2.8% in October).

There were also instances of prices falling faster in October than September.

The average cost of petrol fell by 13.6% in the year to October, a bigger drop than the fall of 10.9% in the year to September.

Diesel showed a similar trend, down by 14.2% last month compared with a fall of 9.9% in September.

Cookers, washing machines and irons all saw a larger annual drop in price in October than in the previous month.

Annual inflation eased for coffee, up just 0.6% last month following a rise of 4.1% in September; for children’s shoes, up 1.0% compared with 3.7% in September; and for bus or coach travel, up 4.7% compared with 6.4%.

Below is a list of examples of how the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation rate has either accelerated or eased.

Two figures are listed for each item: the average rise in price in the 12 months to September, followed by the average rise in price in the 12 months to October.